{"id":64413,"date":"2018-06-04T10:56:59","date_gmt":"2018-06-04T03:56:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/2018\/06\/south-sulawesi-indigenous-kaluppini-preserves-tradition-through-local-crop\/"},"modified":"2018-06-04T10:56:59","modified_gmt":"2018-06-04T10:56:59","slug":"south-sulawesi-indigenous-kaluppini-preserves-tradition-through-local-crop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/2018\/06\/south-sulawesi-indigenous-kaluppini-preserves-tradition-through-local-crop\/","title":{"rendered":"South Sulawesi Indigenous Kaluppini Preserves Tradition Through Local Crop"},"content":{"rendered":"

By<\/strong> Didit Hariyadi<\/p>\n

Enrekang, SOUTH SULAWESI<\/b>. Despite of its known medicinal benefit and cultural importance, the threat of extinction looms for jewawut <\/i>(foxtail millet) in Kaluppini village of Enrekang, South Sulawesi, while the local administration\u00a0 is yet to show support for the development of the crop.<\/p>\n

Before rice, people of Enrekang consumed jewawut <\/i>(Setarica italica)<\/i>, an annual grass grown for human food and once considered as a vital crop in East Asia, in the 1960s. The plant was brought to Sulawesi nearly 3,000 years ago through the Chinese migration.<\/p>\n

Abdul Halim, a leader of the indigenous Kaluppini tribe, said though not planted widely in South Sulawesi, his people still plant jewawut <\/i>for the harvesting and paying respect to elders rituals held in every eight years called maccera manurung.\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

\u201cKaluppini still plant [jewawut<\/i>] for rituals,\u201d said Halim.<\/p>\n

The reason why the people rarely plant jewawut today<\/i>, Halim said, is because the plant would not grow well on soil contaminated with chemicals.<\/p>\n

\u201cI see that jewawut<\/i> is more fertile in new lands, burned lands. If [land] is already being planted with other plants, [that means the soil is] already contaminated with chemicals. So [the soil] is not fertile anymore [to grow Jewawut<\/i>],\u201d he said adding as farmers need to apply herbicide for other crops.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Abdul Halim visits a jewawut plantation in Enrekang, South Sulawesi. Photo by Didit Hariyadi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

With limited irrigation channels and the ban on opening new lands by burning, farmers of Kaluppini adopt intercropping agriculture where they would plant varied crops in the same areas, such as corn, nut, and rice. They would plant the crops during rainy season and jewawut <\/i>on dry season, between April and June.<\/p>\n

\u201cJewawut<\/i> is usually planted once a year when entering dry season, between April to June,\u201d said Halim adding that jewawut <\/i>can be harvested within two months.<\/p>\n

Muhammadi Riadi, a jewawut <\/i>researcher from Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, cited in his study in 2015, he found that the plant was not as fertile if grown in soils that have been contaminated by chemicals.<\/p>\n

Riadi suggested that the government establish designated areas for jewawut <\/i>cultivation.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis plant can be an alternative crop during dry season, [it] can also be planted in the slope areas to prevent erosion,\u201d he said adding that the type of soil and climate must be taken into consideration for planting jewawut. <\/i><\/p>\n

Meanwhile, Halim said that he hoped for the government to provide the seeds and open new areas for jewawut<\/i> to be managed in natural ways.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf not, jewawut <\/i>could be extinct in the future. Currently the seeds are from local people and not the government,\u201d he said adding the price of jewawut<\/i> can reach Rp40,000 (US$ 2.82) per kilogram in the market.<\/p>\n

Siddiq, a Kaluppini farmer, said that he planted jewawut <\/i>for daily consumption. \u201cBut, not as staple food because I get bored too. I consume jewawut, <\/i>at least, once a month, mixing it with rice,\u201d said Siddiq adding that one kilogram planted in 5,000 square meters can produce five sacks of jewawut grains.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A Way to Local Food Security\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anthropologist from Hasanuddin University of Makassar, Tasrifin Tahara argued that preserving jewawut <\/i>culture means to protect Kaluppini\u2019s local identity.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe hope that local wisdom can be preserved in this country and be given the room to enrich Indonesia\u2019s cultural diversity and identity,\u201d said Tahara adding that government should encourage on development and consumption of local food.<\/p>\n

\u201cMost importantly, people of Kaluppini practices the organic way\u00a0 [to cultivate jewawut<\/i>] so there is synergy between nature, agriculture system and culture.\u201d<\/p>\n

Besides Kaluppini village, he added, a small number of Duri villagers of Enrekang district are planting jewawut\u00a0<\/i> as the plant is suitable for mountainous areas.<\/p>\n

Tahara notes that people started abandoning jewawut <\/i>as a result of lack of campaign and knowledge about the plant consumption.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe government is focusing only on food that sells in the market but ignoring the local potential that that has become the root of local identity. This can be one of the factors why local people is abandoning jewawut<\/i>,\u201d he said. \u201calso, the food security program only acknowledges rice, sidelining other crops that have become staple foods for some indigenous people.\u201d<\/p>\n

Acting head of Enrekang Food Security agency, Arsil Bagenda said that the government is yet to consider to cultivate jewawut <\/i>as they are still looking at its economic potential for local people in the future.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf [jewawut\u2019s<\/i>] potential is promising then we can develop [the plant but with] different variety,\u201d said Bagenda adding that local administration has not stepped in, forcing farmers to obtain seeds from their own crops. \u201cSo, there is no permanent [jewawut] cultivation program in place. The least we do is develop the farmers groups,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, head of South Sulawesi agriculture, Food Security and Horticulture Agency, Fitriani said jewawut<\/i> is not included in the food security agenda from the central government hence they do not develop the plant. \u201cWe don\u2019t provide the seeds so it\u2019s purely the initiative of the Enrekang people,\u201d said Fitriani.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Health Benefits\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aside from its use on traditional rituals, jewawut <\/i>contains higher fiber compared to rice and higher Omega 3, 6 and 9 compared to eggs. \u201cThat is why millet [red : jewawut<\/i>] should be developed,\u201d said Riadi.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Dried jewawut, or foxtail millet has been recognised by the indigenous Kaluppini tribe for it’s health benefits. Photo by Didit Hariyadi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Riadi added other benefits from consuming jewawut<\/i> include bone growth, weight loss and reduces blood glucose, thus preventing anemia, cancer and diabetes. Jewawut<\/i>, he said has low glycemic index which is suitable for people with diabetes.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe plant is sugar free. [So] we want jewawut<\/i> to be cultivated as an alternative\u00a0 crops as it is important for the health,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Riadi also suggested for the collection of its genetic diversity to determine the good seed for cultivation<\/p>\n

However, he added that even with massive cultivation, it remains a great challenge to shift consumption from rice, to jewawut.<\/p>\n

Roy Efendi of Indonesian Cereal Research Center, in Maros said, there is no incentive to further research jewawut<\/i> as people tend to choose corn and other grains.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, Efendi said that jewawut <\/i>is known as bird food. \u201cJewawut<\/i> is used\u00a0 for baking. We have never conducted any research on jewawut<\/i>,\u201d he said.\u00a0Ekuatorial.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Didit Hariyadi is a freelance journalist based in Makassar, South Sulawesi.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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