{"id":64434,"date":"2018-10-25T09:00:31","date_gmt":"2018-10-25T02:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/2018\/10\/anoa-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/"},"modified":"2018-10-25T09:00:31","modified_gmt":"2018-10-25T09:00:31","slug":"anoa-on-the-brink-of-extinction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/2018\/10\/anoa-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/","title":{"rendered":"Anoa: On the Brink of Extinction"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Ancha Hardiansya<\/p>\n

Makassar, SOUTH SULAWESI.<\/b> Despite the birth of a female anoa (Buballus sp.), <\/i>a breath of fresh air for conservationists, at the Anoa Breeding Center in Manado in North Sulawesi, last July, the practice of hunting and consuming the meat of the native species of Indonesia, remain to be imminent threats to its existence.<\/p>\n

In 2007, the International Union for Conservation of Nature<\/a> (IUCN) announced the two types of anoas, — lowland anoa (Bubalus depressicornis<\/i>) and mountain anoa (Bubalus quarlesi<\/i>) –, as endangered species.<\/p>\n

Manado Center of Environment and Forestry Research and Development<\/a> (BP2LHK) and Anoa Breeding Center<\/a> (ABC) estimate less than 2,500 individuals roamed Sulawesi in 2008.<\/p>\n

Ady Suryawan, an anoa researcher at BP2LHK, said that anoa population<\/a> has been decreasing in the past 20 years. \u201cBased on our research, there is up to 15 percent decline of anoa population annually,\u201d said Suryawan adding that Indonesia issued a law that protects the endangered animal in 1999.<\/p>\n

The declining number, he said, was caused by several factors, but, mainly because the meat is believed to be high in protein and low in fat. And those who eat it claimed, it tastes better than deer meat.<\/p>\n

In addition to human consumption, he said the local people also hunt anoa for its mythical power in repelling black magic, locally known as santet.<\/i><\/p>\n

Adhil, a Barangka villager of Buton district, Southeast Sulawesi, said that most\u00a0 <\/span>local villagers trully believe in the myth and hang anoa horns in their home, to protect them from any harms of black magic.<\/p>\n

\u201cI don\u2019t know when that myth started, but most people believe that anoa horns can repel santet<\/i>,\u201d he said adding his own uncle was a great anoa hunter.<\/p>\n

As anoa is being hunted, he said it is getting more difficult to find the animal, also known as midget buffalo. \u201cI remember around three to five years ago, anoas still come to villagers\u2019 houses. And, that\u2019s when they hunt them,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

In Tole, a village in Luwu district, South Sulawesi, Tasman admitted to hunting the endemic species together with a few others from his village. Though Tasman denied killing it, he went on to say that anoa meat is much more delicious than deer meat.<\/p>\n

Tole village, inaugurated in January 2018, is recorded as one of anoa habitats, hence interaction between humans and anoa is common. \u201cAnoa eats almost every type of plants, so they are considered as pests, that\u2019s why [we] hunt them if they come to the village,\u201d said Tasman to Ekuatorial.com in August.<\/p>\n

Adhil and Tasman said that they no longer deliberately hunt anoa because they now are aware of the legal repercussions. But that will not, they said, stop them from killing an anoa, if they see the animal entering the village.<\/p>\n

Warian Djatmika, Head of the North Buton Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BKSDA), said that hunting anoa is a culture deeply rooted in the region. Djatmika said despite the law in place, local villagers still set up traps. The poor ratio of staff per area has also become a challenge in cordoning the protected area from illegal hunting activities.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe know that people are still hunting [anoa]. But, when we catch them trapping anoa, they have always cited economic reasons. Officers find it difficult to charge them,\u201d he said. \u201cIf there was anoa found in the houses, they always said that they caught it by accident.\u201d<\/p>\n

The local authorities nearly arrested two Lepanggeng villagers of Sidrap district, who allegedly were conducting illegal trading on a social media platform, Facebook, last January.<\/p>\n

Authorities confiscated the anoa, but both of them escaped the arrest and are still on the run.<\/p>\n

\"\"
A young anoa rescued by the Anoa Brigade of the Sulawesi Forestry and Environment Agency. The anoa was captured from villagers of Leppangeng who were trading it on Facebook. Photo by Ancha Hardiansya.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Muhammad Nur, head of Law Enforcement of the Sulawesi Forestry and Environment Agency, said they have difficulties in charging anoa illegal traders as there is a lack of public support.<\/p>\n

Nur said people tend to hide anoa in their homes. \u201cIf there\u2019s any indication of hunting or selling [anoa], [they should] report it to us immediately,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Temporary shelter<\/strong><\/p>\n

Due to insufficient conservation area, officials have handed over confiscated anoa from villagers to the zoo. The North Buton BKSDA have sent at least two animals to the zoo in East Java.<\/p>\n

While the Bontonmaranu Education Park, in Gowa district, South Sulawesi, a wildlife park owned by a local private firm, Citra Satwa Celebes, have also been taking anoa from villagers and handing them over to the local BKSDA.<\/p>\n

Mukhlis Amans Hadi, director of Bontonmaranu Education Park, explained that they take anoa directly from villagers and report them to the BKSDA. \u201cThe villagers usually notify us that they set up traps for anoa in the forest,\u201d said Hadi, adding that they currently have six anoas in the park.<\/p>\n

The handing over of the native animal of Sulawesi to the zoo is abled as the Indonesia Zoo and Aquarium Association is a member of Anoa Observer Forum, established in 2015. The forum launched its 2016-2036 Anoa Research Center Roadmap comprising of five conservation programs but they have yet to be fully implemented.<\/p>\n

However, a law on Natural Resources and Ecosystem issued in 1990 prohibited zoos from directly taking endangered and protected animals from members of the public before court process is completed.<\/p>\n

South Sulawesi BKSDA said they understand this practice as there\u2019s little public awareness about the agency and its role. \u201cWe understand that not many are aware of BKSDA, so they usually go straight to the zoo,\u201d said the South Sulawesi BKSDA Head of Technical Unit, Supriyanto.<\/p>\n

However, he said that the practice is only allowed for zoos that has conservation institution status. Bontonmaranu Education Park, he added, has already been certified as a conservation institution, so they need to report their findings to the agency.<\/p>\n

Supriyanto added, there shouldn\u2019t be any financial rewards in turning anoa in, as it will further encourage the public to hunt the animal.<\/p>\n

\u201cAnoas under shelter in breeding centers run by conservation institutions are only temporary placement. They will have to be returned to the state once they are ready to be released,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Striking a balance in both worlds<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aside from illegal hunting and trading of anoa, other factors that are pushing the animal to the brink of extinction are habitat loss and low breeding rates.<\/p>\n

Retni Iswarin Pujianungsih, an animal expert from Diponegoro University of Semarang said anoa can be protected by balancing the ex situ<\/i><\/a> and in situ<\/i><\/a> conservation efforts.<\/p>\n

A challenging feat, Pujianingsih added. The ex situ<\/i> conservation faces two challenges of its own; high cost and shortage of anoa medical expert, while the in situ<\/i> conservation is shackled by the depletion of native anoa habitat.<\/p>\n

\u201c[Land] expansion and forest conversions to agriculture areas are shrinking the natural food supplies of anoa,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

Rahma Suryaningsih, Manager of ABC, said that the center only has one vet to care for ten animals.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

With generous donations from three entities, conservation effort by ABC is starting to show result. Three anoas were born in the past three years. \u201cThis is the third birth since ABC was inaugurated on 15 February 2015,\u201d she said. \u201cAlthough the number of new births with anoa that die every year is disproportionate, this effort is not fruitless.\u201d<\/p>\n

The largest anoa breeding center, located in the capital of North Sulawesi, is now the home to ten anoas, — three male and seven female.<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, Diah Irawati Dwi Arini, member of the team that developed the 2016-2036 Roadmap for the Anoa Study Center, said that anoa conservation is also targeting the release of the third generation.<\/p>\n

“It’s a long-term target, but we hope to be able to release them into their natural habitat in 2036,” explained Arini, adding that the three births in Manado’s Anoa Breeding Center were the first generation. EKUATORIAL<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Ancha Hardiansya is a freelance journalist based in Makassar, South Sulawesi.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The practice in consuming anoa’s meat is slowing down conservation effort of this near extinct species. 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IUCN estimates 2,499 anoas left on Sulawesi.","rel":"","context":"In "Article"","block_context":{"text":"Article","link":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/category\/type\/article\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"SIEJ at Manado Anoa Breeding Center","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ekuatorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Anoa_01.jpeg?fit=1200%2C536&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ekuatorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Anoa_01.jpeg?fit=1200%2C536&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ekuatorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Anoa_01.jpeg?fit=1200%2C536&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ekuatorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Anoa_01.jpeg?fit=1200%2C536&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ekuatorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Anoa_01.jpeg?fit=1200%2C536&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":90489,"url":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/2022\/06\/ejn-supported-stories-hastened-development-of-anoa-breeding-ground-in-sulawesi\/","url_meta":{"origin":64434,"position":1},"title":"EJN-supported stories hastened development of anoa breeding ground in Sulawesi","author":"Florence Armein","date":"June 1, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Sulawesi is home to unique flora and fauna, increasingly endangered by mining and deforestation activities. Anoa, an endemic species of wild water buffalo, is on the brink of extinction. Two EJN-supported stories have pushed policymakers to establish a captive breeding center for anoa conservation","rel":"","context":"In "Biodiversity"","block_context":{"text":"Biodiversity","link":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/category\/topics\/biodiversity\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ekuatorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Anoa-1-4-1.jpeg?fit=1040%2C780&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ekuatorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Anoa-1-4-1.jpeg?fit=1040%2C780&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ekuatorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Anoa-1-4-1.jpeg?fit=1040%2C780&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ekuatorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Anoa-1-4-1.jpeg?fit=1040%2C780&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":63157,"url":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/2014\/04\/extractive-company-interfere-anoa-in-gorontalo-declining\/","url_meta":{"origin":64434,"position":2},"title":"Extractive Company Interfere, Anoa in Gorontalo Declining","author":"","date":"April 25, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"The endemic wildlife of Sulawesi, Anoa (Bubalus spp.) in Gorontalo on the wane. In addition to the amount due to poaching, population decline was due to endemic forest loss that has been earmarked for mining and plantation purposes. According to researcher of Anoa from Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Abdul Haris\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Biodiversity"","block_context":{"text":"Biodiversity","link":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/category\/topics\/biodiversity\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ekuatorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/4669986057_1be3681e0d_z.jpg?fit=330%2C221&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":64610,"url":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/2020\/09\/why-wildlife-meat-trade-in-beriman-market-tomohon-city-continues-amid-the-pandemic\/","url_meta":{"origin":64434,"position":3},"title":"Why wildlife meat trade in Beriman market, Tomohon city, continues amid the pandemic","author":"Florence Armein","date":"September 21, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Sulawesi's largest wildlife market has resumed operation after being closed due to the pandemic. Local administration say the wildlife meat trade, including from several protected species, cannot be stopped immediately due to long-standing tradition of meat consumption by the local community.","rel":"","context":"In "Article"","block_context":{"text":"Article","link":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/category\/type\/article\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ekuatorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Aktrivitas-Perdagangan-Satwa-di-Pasar-Beriman-Kota-Tomohon-Sulawesi-Utara-1-scaled-e1600664118916.jpg?fit=1000%2C561&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ekuatorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Aktrivitas-Perdagangan-Satwa-di-Pasar-Beriman-Kota-Tomohon-Sulawesi-Utara-1-scaled-e1600664118916.jpg?fit=1000%2C561&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ekuatorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Aktrivitas-Perdagangan-Satwa-di-Pasar-Beriman-Kota-Tomohon-Sulawesi-Utara-1-scaled-e1600664118916.jpg?fit=1000%2C561&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ekuatorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Aktrivitas-Perdagangan-Satwa-di-Pasar-Beriman-Kota-Tomohon-Sulawesi-Utara-1-scaled-e1600664118916.jpg?fit=1000%2C561&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":90007,"url":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/2022\/03\/wildlife-trade-in-north-sulawesi-and-the-threat-of-zoonoses\/","url_meta":{"origin":64434,"position":4},"title":"Wildlife trade in North Sulawesi and the threat of zoonoses\u00a0","author":"Finneke Wolajan","date":"March 4, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"North Sulawesi has a high risk of disease transmission from wild animals to domestic livestock and humans. Apart from the rich biodiversity of the island, the local habit of meat consumption exposes communities to zoonotic diseases.","rel":"","context":"In "Environment"","block_context":{"text":"Environment","link":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/category\/topics\/environment\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ekuatorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/2_Kelelawar_31-Desember-2021.jpg?fit=1200%2C790&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ekuatorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/2_Kelelawar_31-Desember-2021.jpg?fit=1200%2C790&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ekuatorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/2_Kelelawar_31-Desember-2021.jpg?fit=1200%2C790&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ekuatorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/2_Kelelawar_31-Desember-2021.jpg?fit=1200%2C790&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ekuatorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/2_Kelelawar_31-Desember-2021.jpg?fit=1200%2C790&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":64054,"url":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/2015\/04\/consuming-wild-animals-for-festive-events-triggers-declining-black-monkey-in-north-sulawesi\/","url_meta":{"origin":64434,"position":5},"title":"Consuming wild animals for festive events triggers declining black monkey in North Sulawesi","author":"","date":"April 1, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Manado, Ekuatorial - Consuming wild animals meat in North Sulawesi contributed to declining endangered black monkey in province, said a primate expert in Manado, on Tuesday (31\/3). The Macaca nigra or locally known as Yaki is drastically declining for the past 40 years from 4,000 to 5,000 primates to just\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Artikel"","block_context":{"text":"Artikel","link":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/kategori\/tipe\/artikel\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2022"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64434"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64434\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66395"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64434"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64434"},{"taxonomy":"partner","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/partner?post=64434"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ekuatorial.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=64434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}